{"id":1446,"date":"2021-02-11T12:59:59","date_gmt":"2021-02-11T11:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svjmedia.nl\/internationaljournalism\/?p=1446"},"modified":"2021-03-29T21:52:50","modified_gmt":"2021-03-29T19:52:50","slug":"gender-based-violence-against-female-journalists-harassment-should-never-be-part-of-the-job","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/svjmedia.nl\/internationaljournalism\/1446\/gender-based-violence-against-female-journalists-harassment-should-never-be-part-of-the-job\/","title":{"rendered":"Gender-based violence against female journalists: \u201cHarassment should never be part of the job\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

From hateful comments on news websites to death threats on social media: female journalists globally experience a range of online violence. According to survey results from the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), two-thirds of female journalists have suffered gender-based violence online. The abuse and harassment impact them both psychologically and professionally. <\/strong>What are the consequences of these attacks and what is required to eradicate this trend of increasing online violence?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A house with an alarm system that doesn\u2019t work, and all of a sudden strangers are intruding your personal space: this metaphor illustrates the feeling of enduring online violence, according to Arzu Geybullayeva. She is an Azerbaijani columnist and journalist with a special focus in human rights and press freedom in Azerbaijan and has been subject to numerous online harassment attacks. It all started back in 2014 when she worked for Turkish-Armenian newspaper Agos, which triggered protest from her native country. \u201cSomeone made a cartoon of me in the arms of the former Armenian president, with my father\u2019s gravestone in the background and a disappointing look on his face.\u201d After receiving death threats online, she decided it was no longer safe in her home country and moved to Istanbul where she continues covering Azerbaijan.<\/p>\n

“We live in a time where online hatred is being normalized”<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u201cThe aim of these attacks is to discredit me, to discourage me and ultimately, to silence me. I recently came out of another battlefield of online harassment\u201d, Geybullayeva says, referring to her reporting on the Nagorno-Karabakh war<\/a> last year – which caused an outburst of social media attacks. \u201cI would dedicate at least an hour a day to see what has been written about me, block people, mute people and report people. My quotum of online harassment is fulfilled for the whole year by now\u201d, she states ironically. \u201cAs soon as I realized why I was being attacked, I started documenting and sharing it to make it visible to the outside world. That\u2019s been my coping mechanism. Once you understand that this is not going away and it\u2019s a part of your professional career, you face a choice: you either give in to it or you build yourself up. Unfortunately, we live in a time where online hatred is being normalized. They say it\u2019s part of the job, but we shouldn\u2019t be dealing with it – especially not on our own.\u201d<\/p>\n

Silencing women\u2019s voices<\/strong>
\nThe United Nations (UN) Secretary-General and UN Women have adopted the term online violence together with the Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women to describe threats in online environments against women journalists. The phenomenon of online violence consists of a wide range of harassment, including abusive language,\u00a0 threats of physical and\/or sexual violence, spreading misinformation and manipulated images, and digital security attacks.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe psychological impact of online violence is unforeseeable\u201d, Pamela Morini\u00e8re states, head of the Communications and Campaigns department and Gender officer at the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ). The IFJ is the world’s largest organization of journalists, representing media professionals in more than 140 countries. According to IFJ survey results<\/a>, 64% of women journalists have been a victim of online harassment. \u201cThe aim of gender-based online violence is silencing the voices of women journalists. Harassment should never be a part of anyone\u2019s job.\u201d She\u00a0sees a particular challenge for freelance journalists who are working for different media outlets without a permanent editorial office. \u201cThey especially need social media to profile themself and promote their journalistic work. If they can\u2019t do that anymore, they become invisible.\u201d<\/p>\n

Not only does gender-based violence impact the women who experience it directly, but it also influences those who view it from the outside. Threats of harm are often connected to the families, sources and audiences of the targeted women journalists, as a means of causing a \u2018chilling effect\u2019 on their journalism. \u201cWe cannot undermine the consequences this \u2018chilling effect\u2019 has on others, which can discourage other women from participating in journalism\u201d, according to Morini\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Treating online violence as an expected part of the job is unacceptable, says Nadine Hoffman, deputy director of the International Women\u2019s Media Foundation (IWMF). \u201cJust as physical attacks, online attacks are attempts to silence women\u2019s voices in the news. That kind of trauma by default impacts a journalist\u2019s ability to feel safe and continue reporting. Without women\u2019s voices, there is no full story. But around the world, women are being threatened, attacked, imprisoned and even killed for their professional work. These are violations of press freedom, which is critical to a fair, free and functioning society.\u201d In their 2018 report<\/a> on harassment of female journalists, they found that a third of them considered leaving the profession because of online attacks and threats.\u00a0 \u201cWhen those women leave the field or even when they begin to self-censor from fear of attack, we lose their perspectives on the news. We can say the same of racial diversity in journalism, as journalists of colour, and particularly female journalists of colour, face racist attacks online.\u201d<\/p>\n

Increasing online abuse<\/strong>
\n\u201cWhen female journalists can\u2019t do their work safely, this can impact the quality of their work\u201d, says Dr Silvia Chocarro, head of Protection Journalists & Human Rights Defenders at the international human rights organization Article 19. \u201cThe harassment of female journalists also directly affects diversity in the journalistic field, as women journalists may decide to self-censor themselves or not write about certain controversial topics at all. This impacts the information society is going to receive and therefore, the right of citizens to be informed – for which journalism is vital.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n[aesop_image img=”https:\/\/svjmedia.nl\/internationaljournalism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/378\/2021\/01\/003_A-Dark-Place-Still-scaled.jpg” panorama=”off” align=”center” lightbox=”on” captionsrc=”custom” caption=”Still of ‘A Dark Place’, a #SOFJO documentary produced by the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, in cooperation with the International Press Institute (IPI). ” captionposition=”left” revealfx=”inplace” overlay_revealfx=”off”]\n

In a more recent report<\/a> conducted by UNESCO\u00a0 and the\u00a0 International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) in late 2020, spanning journalists from 125 countries, 73% of women respondents said they had experienced online violence. Online attacks don\u2019t always stay online: 22% of the women journalists who responded to the survey reported they have experienced abuse and attacks in the physical world, which they believed were correlated to online violence targeting them. Online attacks targeted at female journalists appear to be increasing during the COVID-19 crisis, as another recent global survey <\/a>conducted by ICFJ\u00a0 in partnership with Tow Center for Digital Journalism, shows that 20% of the respondents describe their experience of online abuse as \u201cmuch worse than usual\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[aesop_image img=”https:\/\/svjmedia.nl\/internationaljournalism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/378\/2021\/02\/project-2021-02-11_07-02_AM-scaled.jpg” panorama=”off” align=”center” lightbox=”on” captionsrc=”custom” captionposition=”center” revealfx=”inplace” overlay_revealfx=”off”]\n\n

Shared responsibility<\/strong>
\nThe UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, Dubravka \u0160imonovi\u0107, published her yearly\u00a0report<\/a> to the Human Rights Council last year under the theme combating violence against women journalists. In the report, she concludes that States have the obligation to \u201cinclude a gender perspective in all initiatives aimed at creating and maintaining a safe and favourable environment for free and independent journalism\u201d.<\/p>\n

The Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Representative on Freedom of the Media is mandated to help the 57 participating member states uphold their commitments to freedom of expression and free media. Julia Haas is responsible for the OSCE\u2019s project on Safety of Female Journalists Online, #SOFJO. \u201cThe issue occurs on an individual level, what it does to women journalists, and on a societal level, impacting pluralism and diversity in the media, which then directly impacts the conversations we can have as a society and ultimately, the democratic discourse.\u201d<\/p>\n

In 2019 the International Labour Organization (ILO) adopted the first legally binding treaty<\/a> to address gender-based violence and harassment in the work field, recognizing it as a human rights violation. \u201cAs soon as the convention is ratified by governments, national media employers need to take concrete steps to fight against online harassment and abuse. By doing so, they guarantee to take the issue seriously. There is still much work that needs to be done, but this a good step forward,\u201d Morini\u00e8re says. However, legislation specifically focused on gender-based violence in the digital sphere remains missing. \u201cIt would be helpful if media organizations form a sense of solidarity surrounding the issue\u00a0and set out a zero-tolerance policy for online abuse. Besides that, everyone in the newsroom should be involved. It needs to be everyone\u2019s problem, not only from those who are directly affected.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

\u201cGender-based online violence happens because there is no gender equality\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n\n

Haas fully agrees. \u201cIt should not be the responsibility of women journalists to tackle this issue. Every media outlet has clear safety protocols when it comes to reporting from conflict zones or other potential risky situations, but online spaces can be dangerous too. News outlets need to have preventive measures in place to assess beforehand, but also responsive mechanisms in case something happens so they can provide support for targeted journalists.”<\/p>\n

Dr Chocarro is one of the authors of the #SOFJO Resource Guide<\/a>,\u00a0which was commissioned by the OSCE. She underlines the importance of a coordinated joined effort to improve the safety of female journalists online. \u201cEveryone has a role to play in increasing awareness on the issue.\u201d The research guide presents 40 actions to combat gender-based online violence in which all key actors are involved, ranging from law enforcement agencies, executive branches, civil society and educational institutions, journalists\u2019 organizations and internet intermediaries such as social media platforms. The proposed actions vary from monitoring the risk landscape for female journalists, developing gender-responsive community guidelines for online platforms, and establishing national action plans on the safety of journalists. \u201cGender-based online violence happens because there is no gender equality. If we want to combat online harassment in the long term, we also need to address the overall issue of gender inequality\u201d, she concludes.
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\nFirst-hand experiences <\/strong>
\nIn collaboration with the International Press Institute (IPI), OSCE has produced the documentary film \u2018A Dark Place<\/a>\u2019, showing first-hand experiences of 6 women journalists from various regions who have been a target of online violence. \u201cThe film revolves around the perspective of women journalists, so the viewer gets an understanding of the crucial issue\u201d, Haas explains. \u201cA key finding in the film is that the issue is not particularly linked to a state or country, or a certain area of reporting: wherever you look, the same challenges can be found.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n[aesop_image img=”https:\/\/svjmedia.nl\/internationaljournalism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/378\/2021\/01\/005_A-Dark-Place-Still-scaled.jpg” panorama=”off” align=”center” lightbox=”on” captionsrc=”custom” caption=”Still of ‘A Dark Place’, a #SOFJO documentary produced by the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, in cooperation with the International Press Institute (IPI). ” captionposition=”left” revealfx=”off” overlay_revealfx=”off”]\n

The name from the film stems from the interview with Geybullayeva, who has been closely involved with the #SOFJO platform from the very start. \u201cMy intention was to show a real picture of what it\u2019s like dealing with online harassment: it\u2019s very time consuming and both mentally and physically exhausting. By sharing my story, I also wanted to let other women journalists know they are not alone.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\u201cYou start questioning and doubting yourself, which provokes a crisis of your self-perception as a professional\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n

Marija Vu\u010di\u0107 is one of the other women starring in the documentary film. She\u2019s a journalist and fact-checker for the Crime and Corruption Reporting Network (KRIK) from Belgrade, Serbia. \u201cSelf-doubt is one of the many repercussions of online violence. You start questioning and doubting yourself, which provokes a crisis of your self-perception as a professional. If you want to criticize or attack male journalists, you would attack their competencies, ethics and professionalism. But if you want to attack a female journalist, you would say all those aforementioned things adding misogynic and sexist slurs. We are being attacked because we\u2019re both journalists and women.\u201d<\/p>\n

Peer support with colleagues can be a valuable relief for targeted journalists. \u201cIt feels rewarding to help someone just by talking on the phone and reassuring that things will get better, that there is a light at the end of the tunnel\u201d, Geybullayeva says, as she regularly receives messages or phone calls from journalists who experience online harassment, often for the first time. \u201cDuring such traumatic moments, it is very important to receive support”, Vu\u010di\u0107 says, who has found herself overwhelmed by all the incoming calls and text messages of journalists showing their support when she needed it the most. “You can’t really know how much it means unless it happens to you.” Despite the severity of the attacks that female journalists face, she hopes it will not fade out their passion for the profession. “Bravery is not about the absence of fear, but proceeding to take action in spite of that fear. I believe our resilience and bravery make us stay in journalism.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

From hateful comments on news websites to death threats on social media: female journalists globally experience a range of online violence. According to survey results from the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), two-thirds of female journalists have suffered gender-based violence online. The abuse and harassment impact them both psychologically and professionally. What are the consequences […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":133,"featured_media":1448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[79,80],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGender-based violence against female journalists: \u201cHarassment should never be part of the job\u201d - International Journalism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/svjmedia.nl\/internationaljournalism\/1446\/gender-based-violence-against-female-journalists-harassment-should-never-be-part-of-the-job\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gender-based violence against female journalists: \u201cHarassment should never be part of the job\u201d - International Journalism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From hateful comments on news websites to death threats on social media: female journalists globally experience a range of online violence. 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