Berlin’s techno culture is known worldwide and often referred to as the ‘capital of techno’, not only for its sound but also for its strong sense of inclusivity. In 2024, UNESCO recognized this, adding Berlin’s techno scene to Germany’s list of intangible cultural heritage. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, electronic music became a symbol of liberation in a once-divided city. This cultural revolution took shape in abandoned warehouses and communist-era quats. But today, with inflation, gentrification, and rising costs, the scene is under pressure—more and more clubs are being forced to close. These pressures are reshaping the identities of iconic clubs and their audiences in Berlin.
From outside the bar Lauchangriff, in the area of Friedrichshain in Berlin, a hard and fast tempo sound is heard. Organizer Apolline Chasseloup is testing out the sound system before her donation-based event starts. Where UK garage meets heavy, hard industrial and hardcore industrial music, and the people can pay what they can and want once they go in. The event being donation-based was not necessarily by choice. “I could have said that it’s a free event, but I want to be able to give something back to the DJ”. Also speaking as a DJ herself, known as HNO3: “If the crowd get used to free events, it will break the standards of the markets. We’re not paid a lot right now, and we will get even less paid.” The different struggles as an organizer, DJ and as a party-goer in the scene are crossing over.
The legacy of Berlin’s techno scene’s liberation
Berlin’s nightlife has deep cultural roots. Since the 1920s, it’s been a space for diversity and expression, particularly for the LGBTQ+ community. After the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, abandoned spaces in the East became fertile ground for electronic music and new forms of freedom. “The history of how the Berlin club scene came to be is super important to understand what is happening now,” says Gregor Kusche, who’s been running the club Klunkerkranich for 12 years.
DJ Westfa, also known as Jozua Tuinfort, adds: “Nowadays, the acknowledgment for artistry within this dance culture is lacking. People now go out through TikTok to see their favourite artist, not realizing dance culture comes from oppression.” He highlights how the scene has grown more image-driven: “You need to have a certain appealing appearance, a certain stage presence. It has become much more difficult for an introverted artist to be recognized.”
Economic shifts and loss of access
Berlin’s club scene, once grassroots and rebellious, has become a major economic engine. As Kusche puts it, “Berlin won’t get cheap overnight again. That ship has sailed.” According to a 2019 Clubcommission Berlin study, the scene generates €168 million annually and supports sectors like hospitality and music. Despite this, clubs get no state support and depend entirely on private income.
Gentrification and rising rents are forcing clubs out of central areas. Ticket prices and drinks have risen, making nightlife less accessible—especially for marginalized groups. “It became much more exclusive,” says Tuinfort. “At Berghain, you just see that the people do have income. It becomes much more inaccessible, especially for younger people exploring club culture.”
The same Clubcommission study found that 55% of clubs saw declining sales, and nearly two-thirds saw profits fall—smaller venues were hit hardest. Almost half were considering closing within the year, and 89% reported major cost increases in rent and energy.
‘Clubsterben’
The term “Clubsterben” (club death) captures the crisis. With operating costs climbing, many venues focus on booking big names who can sell tickets. But this trend narrows programming and excludes emerging talent. “If you just give money to everybody to make everything the same forever and ever, then it can’t be the solution to everything,” says Kusche. “The whole alternative scene has always been about doing new things.”
Voices from Berlin’s club scene
Berlin’s club culture has different groups within its community and is created by the organizers, the DJs, and the audience. Within this community and groups lies tension between exclusivity and inclusivity, shifting and constantly negotiated. The different voices from the scene show the changes and tension that are the current club culture.
Jozua Tuinfort – DJ Westfa
Gregor Kusche – from club Klunkerkranich
Apolline Chasseloup – HNO3
Sami Akouz – visitor donation based party
Finding solutions
Still, innovation persists. “Either you really reinvent yourself or you have to close,” says Kusche. Tresor.West’s #SaveTheUnderground campaign experimented with free-entry nights and secret lineups. “They’re giving back to the community, making it more accessible,” Tuinfort says. Though financial sustainability required reintroducing a €5 entry, it remains a model for rebalancing access and quality.
Other solutions include donation-based and sliding-scale ticketing. “You have a much more open, relaxed type of crowd,” says Tuinfort. “People come with a motivation to support a cause or collective.” He also stresses small-scale resilience: “Let’s focus less on the outside… and more on what you can accomplish with the people around you.”
